SCAGELOTHAMNION Athanasiadis (1996, p. 80; type: S. pusillum)

Scagelothamnion pusillum (Ruprecht) Athanasiadis (1996, p. 81)
Basionym: Callithamnion pusillum Ruprecht [1850, p. 150-1 (reprint 342-3)]
Type locality: Novaja Zemlja, Russian Arctic
Lectotype: LE ('Parasit auf Fuscaria, Ceramium, u.a', 'Call. pusillum Rupr...')
Homotypic synonyms: Pterothamnion pusillum (Ruprecht) Naegeli (1862, p. 414)
Antithamnion pusillum (Ruprecht) Kjellman (1877, p. 24)
Scagelia pusilla (Ruprecht) Athanasiadis in Maggs & Hommersand (1993, p. 30)
Heterotypic synonyms: Callithamnion lapponicum Ruprecht [1850, p. 148, pl. 18, figs k-m; type locality: 'Lapponia rossica'; lectotype: LE (a specimen from the mica slip A in the folder annotated 'Lapp. rossica; Middendorff, Callithamnion lapponicum Rupr. strato tenuissimo Nulliporan obu..')]
Pterothamnion lapponicum (Ruprecht) Naegeli (1862, p. 376)
? Antithamnion plumula (Ellis) Thuret var. boreale Gobi (1878, p. 47; type locality: Solowetzki I., White Sea; type: not designated)
Antithamnion boreale (Gobi) Kjellman (1883, p. 180)
? Antithamnion boreale f. balticum Reinke [1889a, p. 23, 'baltica'; type localities: Schleimuende, Eckernfoerder Nordgrund, Noerdlich der Kieler Foehrde, NW Fehmarn (Baltic Sea); type: not designated; 1889b, p. 25, tab. 22]
Note: It is postulated that S. pusillum is a hybrid between Scagelia americana and a North Atlantic species of Pterothamnion, on the basis of: (i) an intermediate morphology, (ii) the cytological and life history evidence, and (iii) an occurrence in the overlapping zone of its parental taxa and parts of their wider distribution (Athanasiadis 1996)

Scagelothamnion pusillum var. pusillum
Distribution: NE Atlantic and Arctic Oceans: Novaja Zemlja, Spitsbergen, Iceland, Greenland, Scandinavia and Denmark to the German coast of Baltic and the British Isles; also reported between New Brunswick and the Canadian Arctic (Lee 1980)
Habitat: common on macroalgae (particularly on Laminaria haptera), bryozoans, and ascidians in the sublittoral zone (on the Scandinavian coast, usually recorded between 10 and at least 50 m depth)

Scagelothamnion pusillum var. droebakense (Sundene) Athanasiadis (1996, p. 82)
Basionym: Antithamnion boreale (Gobi) Kjellman var. droebakense Sundene (1962, p. 16, figs 2-4, pl. I, figs 1-4, 'droebachense')
Type locality: Harbour of the Biological Station at Droebak, Oslofjord, South Norway
Lectotype: the specimen depicted in Sundene's (1962, pl. I, figs 3, 4) original illustrations
Distribution: Restricted to brackish waters of sheltered habitats in southern Scandinavian and Denish fjords
Habitat: common in early spring growing on stones and macroalgae in the upper sublittoral zone between low water level and c. 5 m depth

KEY TO THE VARIETIES

1. Thallus up to 4 cm long, bearing distichous-opposite whorl-branches; tetrasporangia common, recycling the sporophyte phase; gametangia rarely present on tetrasporophytes.......................................................var. pusillum
1. Thallus up to 25 cm long, bearing distichous-opposite to decussate whorl-branches; tetrasporangia abortive and gametangia unknown...................................................................................var. droebakense

REFERENCES

Agardh, J. G.1852. Species genera et ordines algarum. Vol. 2, part 3 (1).- Lund
Agardh, J. G.1892. Analecta algologica. Observationes de speciebus algarum minus cognitis earumque dispositione.- Lunds Univ. Aarsskr. 28: 1-182, 3 pls
Athanasiadis, A. 1996. Morphology and classification of the Ceramioideae (Rhodophyta) based on phylogenetic principles. - Opera bot. 128: 1-216
Athanasiadis, A. & Rueness, J. 1992. Biosystematic studies of the genus Scagelia (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) from Scandinavia: genetic variation, life histories, and chromosome numbers. - Phycologia 31: 1-15
Cormaci, M. & Furnari, G. 1989. World distribution of the genus Antithamnion Naegeli (Rhodophyta, Ceramiaceae). - Jpn. J. Phycol. (Sorui) 37: 23-30
Farlow, W. G. 1881. The marine algae of New England. - Rep. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1879
Gardner, N. L. 1927. New Rhodophyceae from the Pacific coast of North America. IV. - Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 13(18): 373-402, pls 73-83
Gobi, C. 1878. Die Algenflora des Weissen Meeres. - Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, VII Serie 26: 1-92
Hansen, G. I. & Scagel, R. F. 1981. A morphological study of Antithamnion boreale (Gobi) Kjellman and its relationship to the genus Scagelia Wollaston (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). - Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 108: 205-212
Harvey, W. H. 1853. Nereis boreali americana - Contributions to a history of the marine algae of North America. - Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 5: 1-258, pls 13-36
Kjellman, F. R. 1877. Ueber die Algenvegetationen des Murmanschen Meeres av der Westkueste von Nowaja Semlja und Wajgatsch. - Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sc. Ups. Ser. 3: 1-86, 1 pl
Kjellman, F. R. 1883. Norra Ishafvets Algflora. - Vega-Exped. Vetensk. Arb. 3: 1-431, 31 pls
Kylin, H. 1925. The marine red algae in the vicinity of the biological station at Friday Harbour, Washington. - Lunds Univ. Aarsskr. N. F. Avd. 2, 21: 1-87
Lee, R. K. S. 1980. A catalogue of the marine algae of the Canadian Arctic. - Nat. Mus. of Canada Punl. in Bot. 9: 1-82
Lindstrom, C. S. & Gabrielson, P. W. 1989. Taxonomic and distributional notes on northeast Pacific Antithamnieae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). - Jpn. J. Phycol. (Sorui) 37: 221-235
Maggs, C. A. & Hommersand, M. H. 1993. Seaweeds of the British Isles. - HMSO (Her Majesty's Stationery Office)
Montagne, J. P. F. C. 1837. Centurie de plantes cellulaires exotiques nouvelles. - Ann. Sci. nat. Paris Ser. 2, 8: 345-370
Naegeli, C. 1862. Beitraege zur Morphologie und Systematik der Ceramiaceae. - Sber. k. bayer. Akad. d. W. 1861, 2: 297-415, 1 pl
Perestenko, L. P. 1984. Novitates systematicae plantarum non vascularium. - Acad. sci. URSS Inst. bot. V. L. Komarov VII 21: 41-50
Reinke, J. 1889a. Algenflora der westlichen Ostsee deutschen Antheils. Eine systematisch-pflanzengeographische Studie. - Sechster Ber. d. Komm. z. wiss. Unters. deutch. Meere in Kiel fuer die Jahre 1887 bis 1889, 17-19 (I. Heft):[i]-xi + 1-101 + 1 map
Reinke, J. 1889b. Atlas deutscher Meeresalgen. Heft I.- Herausgegeben von d. Komm. z. Wiss. Unters. deutsch. Meere, Berlin.
Rosenvinge, L. K. 1893. Groenlands Havalger. - Medd. Groenland 3: 765-981, 2 pls
Ruprecht, F. J. 1850. Algae Ochotenses. Die ersten sichern Nachrichten ueber die Tange des Ochotskischen Meeres. - Petersburg
Sundene, O. 1962. Reproduction and morphology in strains of Antithamnion boreale originating from Spitsbergen and Scandinavia. - Skr. norske Vidensk-akad. Mat.-naturw. Kl. Ser. 5: 1-19, 3 pls
Wollaston, E. M. 1972. Antithamnion and related genera occurring on the Pacific coast of North America. - Syesis 4: 73-92
Wynne, M. J. 1985. Concerning the names Scagelia corallina and Heterosiphonia wurdemannii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta). - Crypt. Algol. 6: 81-90
Yoshida, T. 1981. Observations on Antithamnion miharae Tokida and A. corallina Kjellman (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales) from the east coast of Hokkaido. - Jap. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido 12: 173-182

FURTHER READING

Athanasiadis, A. 2002. Recent additions to the subfamily Ceramioideae (Rhodophyta) and the nature of the Ceramialean ancestor.- Constancea 83.6

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