SCAGELIA Wollaston (1972, p. 88; type: S. occidentalis)

Heterotypic synonym: Antithamnion sect. Cruciatae J. Agardh (1892, p. 21; type: A. pylaisaei)

Scagelia americana (Harvey) Athanasiadis (1996, p. 76)
Basionym: Callithamnion americanum Harvey (1853, p. 238, pl. XXXVI A)
Type locality: New Bedford, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Lectotype: TCD (Harvey 'Call. americanum H. New Bedford, Dr Roche')
Homotypic synonyms: Pterothamnion americanum (Harvey) Naegeli (1862, p. 376)
Antithamnion americanum (Harvey) Kjellman [1883, p. 184, as 'A. americanum (Harvey) Farlow']
Heterotypic synonyms: ? Callithamnion subnudum Ruprecht [1850, p. 148, pl. 18, figs k-m; type locality: Gulf Nichta, South Okhotsk Sea (close to Schantar I.); lectotype: LE, Ruprecht 'Guba Nichta 24/vii, Callithamnion ?...cum..Lessonia...']
Pterothamnion subnudum (Ruprecht) Naegeli (1862, p. 376)
Scagelia subnuda (Ruprecht) Perestenko (1984, p. 47)
? Antithamnion occidentale Kylin (1925, p. 47, fig. 30 a-d; type locality: Friday Harbor, Wash.; lectotype: LD, Kylin 'Antithamnion occidentale Kylin, Wash. Friday Harbor juli 1922, H. Kylin')
Scagelia occidentalis (Kylin) Wollaston (1972, p. 89, 'occidentale')
Scagelia corallina var. occidentalis (Kylin) Hansen et Scagel (1981: 211, 'occidentale')
? Antithamnion simulans Gardner [1927, p. 376-377, pl. 78, fig. 3; type locality: 'sheltered locality in the lower littoral belt. Sitka, Alaska'; holotype: UC 276134 (Gardner No 3938)]
Scagelia simulans (Gardner) Cormaci et Furnari (1989, p. 27)
Distribution: NW Atlantic-Arctic: New Jersey to the Canadian Arctic (Lee 1980); western Greenland; NE Atlantic: only known with certainty from Fauskanger (western Norway); (?) NE Pacific: southern California to the Aleutian Islands (Lindstrom & Gabrielson 1989); (?) NW Pacific: Hokkaido (Yoshida 1981) and the Okhotsk Sea
Notes: (i) isolates from San Juan Island (Washington State) and plants from Fauskanger (western Norway) were intersterile in culture, suggesting that the two strains might be genetically isolated. Chromosome counts in the Pacific gametophytes showed a haploid number of c. 32 chromosomes (Athanasiadis 1996, table VI), corresponding to the approximate number reported in the Norwegian plants (Athanasiadis & Rueness 1992)
(ii) in the collections from San Juan I., a second morphotype has been identified (viz. plants with up to 0.5 mm long branches in whorls of 2 or 3, usually acropetally and unilaterally ramified; see also Wollaston 1972, p. 90)
(iii) Kjellman (1883, p. 184) attributed the combination A. americanum to Farlow (1881, 123) who however treated Antithamnion as a subgenus of Callithamnion and did not introduce the combination

Scagelia pylaisaei (Montagne) Wynne (1985, p. 85)
Basionym: Callithamnion pylaisaei Montagne (1837, p. 351)
Type locality: 'Ad oras Americae borealis praesertim in Insula Terra-Nova...'
Lectotype: PC (Montagne 'Ceramium moniliforme Dlp,..., Callithamnion Pylaisaeanum Montagne, Terre Neuve Com. Cl. de la Pylaie')
Homotypic synonyms: Wrangelia pylaisaei (Montagne) J. Agardh (1852, p. 705)
Pterothamnion pylaisaei (Montagne) Naegeli (1862, p. 376)
Antithamnion pylaisaei (Montagne) Kjellman (1883, p. 179)
Antithamnion plumula (Ellis) Thuret var. pylaisaei (Montagne) Rosenvinge (1893, p. 788)
Heterotypic synonyms: ? Antithamnion corallina Naegeli [1862, p. 412, nom. nov.; intented to be a new combination based on Callithamnion corallina Ruprecht (1850, p. 148-9, pl. 18, figs n-q), nom. illeg. (non Callithamnion corallinum Lyngbye 1989, p. 126) ; type locality: Dshukdshandran coast, Okhotsk Sea; holotype: LE]
Antithamnion boreale f. corallina (Naegeli) Kjellman [1883, p. 180, as 'A. boreale f. corallina (Ruprecht) Kjellman']
Antithamnion boreale var. corallina (Naegeli) Sundene [1962, p. 15, as 'A. boreale var. corallina (Ruprecht) Sundene']
Scagelia corallina (Naegeli) Hansen et Scagel [1981, p. 211, as 'Scagelia corallina (Ruprecht) Hansen et Scagel']
Scagelia pylaisaei var. corallina (Naegeli) Athanasiadis [1996, p. 79, as 'S. pylaisaei var. corallina (Sundene) Athanasiadis'], invalid comb.
Antithamnion pylaisaei f. norvegicum Kjellman (1883, p. 179, pl. 16, fig. 1, 'norvegica', type locality: Gjesvaer, Finnmark, North Norway; type: not designated)
? Scagelia breviarticulata Perestenko [1984, p. 48, fig. 3; type locality: 'Insulae Kurilenses, ins. Simuschir, sinus Kitobojnyj dictus, ad solum saxosum, in horizonte zonae litoralis, 18.vii.1967'; holotype: LE]
Distribution: Newfoundland to Canadian Arctic (Lee 1980) and North Norway to Spitsbergen; (?) Okhotsk Sea
Notes: (i) plants from Spitsbergen and North Norway, differing in reproductive characteristics and previously identified as S. pylaisaei var. corallina (Athanasiadis 1996, pp. 79-80), are provisionally subsumed in the typical variety of the species that exhibits a similar morphology (i.e., distinctively unequal whorl-branches)
(ii) plants with subequal whorl-branches (see Harvey 1853, pl. 34 B; Athanasiadis 1996, fig. 30 B) may belong to a separate entity (see also Maggs & Hommersand 1993, fig. 10)

KEY TO THE SPECIES

1. Thallus with loose (lax) branch ramification; whorl-branch and branchlet cells composed of elongate cells, 5 or more times longer than broad...........2
1. Thallus with compact branch ramification; whorl-branch and branchlet cells composed of barrel-shaped cells, usually only 2 or 3 times longer than broad..........................................................................................S. pylaisaei
2. Thallus with 2 to 4 whorl-branches per axial cell; whorl-branches deccusately arranged turning their flat side towards the bearing axis; plants with a regular Polysiphonia-type of life history.................................... S. americana
2. Thallus with 1 or 2 (3) whorl-branches per axial cell; whorl-branches usually distichously arranged along the bearing axis; plants sterile or with tetrasporangia and rarely gametangial structures on the same thallus (mixed-phases); tetrasporangia abortive or recycling the parental phase......................................................................................... S. pusilla

REFERENCES

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